Hats off and a minute of silence: Response to text by Dragiša Vasić: "Istorija i nacionalni identitet u sarajevskoj magli - primjeri politizacije i mitologizacije bošnjačkog istorijskog narativa"

U članku se vodi polemika s tekstom Dragiše Vasića objavljenom u prethodnom broju Tokova istorije. Analizira se metodologija koju Vasić koristi, izvori na kojima je zasnovao svoje teze, argumentacija koja se koristi, literatura na koju se autor poziva. Posebna pažnja je poklonjenja završnom delu njegovog teksta, koji je ocenjen kao politički pamflet nedostojan naučnog časopisa.The article is a polemic with the text by Dragiša Vasić entitled "History and Ethnic Identity in Sarajevo Fog: Examples of Politicizing and Mythologizing the Bosniak Historical Narrative," published in the previous issue of Tokovi istorije. It analyzes the methodology used by Vasić, the sources on which he based his thesis, his argumentation, and his references. Special attention is given to the final part of Vasić's text, which was assessed as a political pamphlet unworthy of a scientific journal

Lucien Febvre: 'To merge one's life with history'

Radi se o tekstu predavanja koje je Fevr održao studentima čuvene Ecole Normale Superieur 1941. godine i u kome je izneo neke od osnovnih postulata "nove istorije". Zanimljivo je da Lisjen Fevr (1878-1956) nije napisao nijednu teorijsko-metodološki knjigu o istoriji. Iako je "otac" moderne istorijske nauke, tvorac društvene istorije, on je smatrao da nije potrebno baviti se posebno teorijom, već je polazio od toga da nove ideje treba praktično primenjivati na istraživanja, sprovoditi ih u izboru istorijskih izvora, dokazati novim čitanju ostataka prošlosti, drukčijim struktuisanjem teksta, prihvatanjem metodologija susednih društvenih nauka. Zbog toga su nam ostala samo njegova predavanja, prikazi ili retki programski tekstovi u kojima je obrazlagao svoje shvatanje istorije

Oxidation-induced Spin Probes in Low-density Lipoproteins

PBN trapping indicated the presence of at least two types of radicals induced in LDL upon slow oxidation, as observed with EPR spectroscopy. The EPR spectra are very similar to those of the spin probes or spin labels, which are routinely used in the studies of macromolecular systems and supramolecular assemblies. The parameters of the spectral line shapes, treated in two different theoretical models, did not provide conclusive evidence for the phase transition in the LDL particles, known to be present at about 25 °C. It is concluded that both types of trapped radicals, or at least one of them, are associated with the apolipoproteins, with the spin probe sticking into the lipid domain of phospholipids

The role of ecotourism in community development: The case of the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve, Serbia

This study explores local community attitudes toward ecotourism as a form of sustainable tourism in the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve in Serbia using the Sustainable Tourism Attitude Scale (SUS-TAS). Residents of the Zasavica Special Nature Reserve acknowledge the sociocultural and economic benefits of ecotourism development while recognizing the negative impacts of development on the natural environment. Low awareness of non-charismatic species among residents contrasts with strong awareness of them among large communities of scientists and naturalists in Serbia. This study shows the importance of local community support for ecotourism and conservation development. Moreover, the study revealed that the SUS-TAS scale can be successfully applied in ecotourism research

The importance of local community attitudes for sustainable tourism in protected areas: The case of Tikvara Nature Park, Serbia

One of the most important elements of tourism development is encouraging the participation of the local community. In order to encourage their participation, it is necessary to be aware of the attitudes of the local residents with respect to the development of tourism. The aim of this research is to determine the attitudes of the local community towards the development of sustainable tourism and ecotourism in the protected area Tikvara, along with the local residents’ level of nature protection and preservation in the Tikvara Nature Park. A survey was conducted among 301 residents and the results indicate that while good community support for sustainable tourism activities in each area captured by the survey (planning, participation, activities, and decision-making) exists, local residents’ attitudes are affected by their sociodemographic characteristics. Nonetheless, a large number of locals were happy to participate in protection programs and believed that the environment should be protected for future generations to enjoy the natural and cultural resources of this area. These findings should be considered when designing sustainable tourism management strategies, while respecting the needs and rights of the local community, as the willingness of locals to develop sustainable tourism is essential for the success of this sector

Resistance to antimicrobials drugs and control measures of Salmonella spp in the poultry industry

The worldwide prevalence of multiple resistant Salmonella spp is described. Clonally distributed Salmonella Enteritidis PT4 and Salmonella Typhimurium DT104 are among the most pathogenic strains for humans. Recently there have been reports on the prevalence of ST “like” monophasic 4(5),12:i strains in some countries. Vaccination strategy and antimicorbial agent therapy is also briefly discussed. Products of animal origin must be safe and without the risk of antimicrobial resistance. Subsequently, the good management practice at farm level and HACCP in feed factories are required to cope with salmonella infections. Poultry producers in developed countries have been motivated to participate in salmonella control programs, because of public awareness on safe food and risks in the food chain. Export of poultry and poultry products is more successful in the regions where Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Typhimurium have been eradicated. [Projekat Ministarstva nauke Republike Srbije, br. TR31071

Cephalometric Indicators of the Vertical Dimension of Occlusion

The aim of this investigation was to establish precise indicators of the vertical dimension of occlusion (VDO) which could be used as objective parameters in prosthodontic treatment providing exact control of the reconstructed vertical dimension of occlusion, early detection of errors and correction of the vertical dimension of occlusion during complete denture manufacturing. A total of 60 lateral cephalometric radiographs of subjects with natural dentition and class I skeletal jaw relationship, of Serbian nationality from the region of Vojvodina, were included in the investigation. Thirty subjects were males, and thirty females, their age range was 20 to 29 years. Cephalometric analysis was performed by using »Dr. Ceph« computer software (FYI Technologies, GA, USA). By evaluation of the craniofacial complex in subjects with natural dentition, horizontal dentofacial developmental growth was established in the examined sample and it was based on the relationship between the posterior and anterior total facial height (S–Go:N–Me, b X=68.96%, aX=72.8%) and statistically significant differences were found between the sexes in almost all linear dimensions and in the relation between the posterior and the anterior total facial height. Highly significant differences (p<0.001) between the sexes were found in regard to anterior total facial height (N–Me, aX=120.75mm, b X=112.72mm) and the anterior lower facial height (ANS–Me, aX=67.87mm, b X=61.50mm) (p<0.05). The proportions of the upper and lower anterior facial heights (N–ANS:ANS–Me, aX=79.36%, b X=80.63%) were within normal values in both sexes. Facial harmony existed both in men and women. Cephalometric study of the subjects with complete natural dentition included in this study provided important and specific parameters for optimal reconstruction of vertical dimension of occlusion in the treatment of edentulous patients

Influence of the Sodium Salt of 3α,7α-Dihydroxy-12-Oxo-5β-Cholanate on Antimicrobial Activity of Ampicillin In Vitro

Background: Multiple resistances to antibiotics are an emergent problem worldwide. Scientists intensively search for new substances with the antimicrobial potential or the mode to restore the activity of old-generation antibiotics. Ampicillin is the antibiotic with the expanded range of antimicrobial activity, but its use has decreased due to the poor absorption and highly developed resistance. In vivo studies showed that ampicillin has better absorption and bioavailability if combined with bile acid salts. The aim of this study was to examine antimicrobial effects of ampicillin alone and its combination with semisynthetic monoketocholic acid salt (MKH) in vitro.Materials, Methods & Results: In this study, commercial preparation of ampicillin and sodium salt of 3α,7α-dihydroxy-12oxo-5β-cholanate were used. Their effects were evaluated on Escherichia coli (E. coli), Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) and Enterococcus faecium (E. faecium), obtained from urine specimens of dogs with clinically manifested cystitis. The first two investigated strains were ampicillin-sensitive, while E. faecium was resistant to ampicillin. Modified macrodilution method according to Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute Guidelines (M7-A8) was performed. Bacterial suspension equivalent to 0.5 McFarland was prepared in saline, compared to the standard (Biomerieux) ad oculi. The density was checked spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 625 nm and adjusted if necessary to the desired absorbance from 0.08 to 0.1. The resultant suspension was diluted 1:100 and inoculated in test tubes. Number of bacteria was counted on Petri plates using dilutions from 10-3 to 10-7 in order to obtain valid and countable plates. One hundred microliters of appropriate dilutions were aseptically plated in triplicate onto nutrient agar. Plates were incubated on 37°C for 72 h, under aerobic conditions. The number of colony forming units (CFU) was determined by direct counting. As a valid for enumeration, we took plates with 30 to 300 CFU. Percentage of killed bacteria for ampicillin was from 69.33-95.19% for E. coli, 87.1296.92% for E. faecalis and 7.20-33.30% for E. faecium. Ampicillin applied in the combination with MKH killed 99.99% to 100% of E. coli, 94.59% to 99.91% of E. faecalis and 31.73% to 64.76% of E. faecium. Mean percentage of killed bacteria for ampicillin was 81.93% for E. coli, 91.64% for E. faecalis, and 18.13% for E. faecium, while in combination with MKH percentage was 99.96% for E. coli, 98.23% for E. faecalis and 47.54% for E. faecium.Discussion: Results are presented as pharmacological minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) values. Ampicillin was applied at the concentration higher than the therapeutic one, which could explain high MIC values for E. coli and E. faecalis. The combination of ampicillin with MKH showed the best improvement of antimicrobial effect on E. faecium (Δ = 29.41%), isolate that was resistant to ampicillin when applied alone. In all the investigated isolates, the combinations with MKH were more effective than ampicillin administered alone. It seems that MKH demonstrates a synergistic antimicrobial activity with ampicillin in vitro, which considerably decreases MIC values for all investigated isolates. These results implicate that MKH could restore the previous activity of ampicillin against some bacteria, which could be a significant benefit for clinical practice

Konzervirana morska riba na srpskome tržištu: razine cinka, bakra i željeza i njihov doprinos dnevnom unosu ovih esencijalnih metala

The aim of this study was to determine the levels of Zn, Cu, and Fe in three canned fish species marketed Serbia to see if they meet recommended daily intake requirements or exceed safety limits. We collected a total of 207 samples of canned tuna, sardine, and mackerel, in oil or tomato sauce and analysed them with inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS) after acid digestion. The highest levels were obtained for Zn (15.1 mg kg-1) and Cu (1.37 mg kg-1) in sardine in oil and tomato sauce, respectively, and for Fe (18.98 mg kg-1) in mackerel in tomato sauce. Our results keep within the ranges reported by several national food databases and available literature data, with a few exceptions. Our findings also single out canned sardines as the richest source of the three essential elements combined. The estimated daily intake (EDI) of the three essential elements, however, was subpar, and ranged between 0.14 % and 0.72 % of the recommended dietary allowance (RDA) for Zn, Cu, and Fe.Cilj ovoga rada bio je utvrditi razinu cinka, bakra i željeza u trima vrstama ribljih konzervi sa srpskoga tržišta kako bi se ustanovilo zadovoljavaju li zahtjeve za preporučenim dnevnim unosom, ili pak prekoračuju sigurnosne granice. Sadržaj esencijalnih elemenata utvrđen je u ukupno 207 uzoraka konzerve tune, sardine i skuše primjenom masene spektrometrije s induktivno spregnutom plazmom (ICP-MS) nakon kisele digestije uzoraka. Najveći sadržaj cinka (15,1 mg kg-1) utvrđen je u sardini u ulju, bakra (1,37 mg kg-1) u sardini u umaku od rajčice, a željeza (18,98 mg kg-1) u skuši u umaku od rajčice. Dobiveni rezultati su u opsegu vrijednosti za analizirane elemente koje je objavilo nekoliko nacionalnih baza podataka o hrani, kao i u opsegu dostupnih literaturnih podataka, s nekoliko iznimaka. Rezultati istraživanja izdvajaju sardinu u konzervi kao najbogatiji izvor proučavanih esencijalnih elementa. Procijenjeni dnevni unos (EDI) bio je između 0,14 % i 0,72 % preporučenih dnevnih unosa cinka, bakra i željeza. Iako sardina u konzervi, u odnosu na tunu i skušu, doprinosi oko 1,5 puta više preporučenom dnevnom unosu (RDI) esencijalnih elemenata, konzervirana morska riba ne može se smatrati značajnim izvorom cinka, bakra i željeza u prehrani srpskoga stanovništva

The Health Risk and Benefit Assessments for the Pelagic Fish Species’ Consumers

To balance the ingestion of healthy omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acids and adverse chemicals the assessments of benefits and risks of the fish consumption should be of the great importance. Elements, Persistent organic pollutants – POPs (organochlorine pesticides – OCPs and polychlorinated biphenyls – PCB), and omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid contents were determined in six small pelagic fish species from the Adriatic Sea in Croatia to assess health risks for consumers. 16 element, 24 POPs and 14 fatty acid contents were determined in edible fishes to assess worst-case scenario, diseases development risks and benefit-risk for consumers. The results of this study were published in the scientific journal [1]. Element concentrations were measured by inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS), POPs by high-resolution gas chromatography (HRGC) and fatty acid content by gas–liquid partition chromatography (GLPC). The results of our study showed that diet based on chub mackerel and round sardinella have highest DI of essential omega-3 fatty acids and lower daily intake (DI) of POPs than other fishes. By consuming anchovy and round sardinella lower ingestion of toxic elements can be ingested. There was not observed non-carcinogenic (HI) nor carcinogenic (CR) risks based on POP concentrations, while based on element concentrations, there was low HI (0.1≥HI≥1) and the maximum HIs and outlier values (several horse mackerel and anchovy samples) showed the presence of HI (HI>1). The most significant contributor to total non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks was inorganic As. Acceptable CR for consumers was assessed, but maximum CR for consumers of horse mackerel and anchovy (CR≥1×10-6) showed adverse effects on human health. There were low HIs for developing cardiovascular, nervous, and reproductive diseases, and maximum HIs were higher than 1. Acceptable (1×10-4≥CR≥1×10- 6 ) risks were observed for developing cancer of nervous system and reproductive organs. Among investigated fish samples, those with higher ƩBR (benefit-risks) and BR for inorganic As than median value have a higher risk than benefits in the human diet (most of them were collected in 2015) [1]